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Phebe Gibbes
Phebe Gibbes (died 1805) was an 18th-century English novelist and early feminist. She authored twenty-two books between 1764 and 1790, and is best known for the novels ''The History of Mr. Francis Clive'' (1764), ''The Fruitless Repentance; or, the History of Miss Kitty Le Fever'' (1769), and ''The History of Miss Eliza Musgrove'' (1769). She received recent attention with the scholarly publication of ''Hartly House Calcutta'' (1789) in 2007.〔Although Gibbes is little-published in recent years, access to at least ten of her novels' original publications is available on "Eighteenth Century Collections Online."〕
==Gibbes' Life==
Phebe Gibbes possesses one of the most elusive histories of the 18th-century women writers. Almost all of the information on Gibbes' life is derived from an application to the Royal Literary Fund for financial support in 1804.〔BL MSS: Royal Literary Fund 2: p. 74, letter of 14 October 1804. See The Feminist Companion to Literature in English: Women Writers from the Middle Ages to Present, Virginia Blain, Patricia Clements, and Isobel Grundy, eds. (London: Batsford, 1990), p. 420.〕 As noted in her application, Gibbes, a widow for most of her life, married early and mothered two daughters and one son. One can conjecture that she spent part of her life in British India, as some of her novels, particularly ''Hartly House'', avow a markedly accurate knowledge of Indian lifestyle as perceived through contemporary records. It is also known that Gibbes' son never returned from a military mission in India,〔Jonathan Warner Gibbs, Lieutenant in the Bengal Infantry, died 3 February 1785; V.C.P. Hodson, List of the Officers of the Bengal Army, 1754–1834, 4 Vols (London: Constable, 1927), 2: p. 263.〕 a fact that is manifest in her later writing; she writes in the first lines of ''Hartly House'', “the Eastern world is, as you pronounce it, the grave of thousands”.〔“Letter I,” Hartly House, Calcutta (1689). Michael J. Franklin, ed. New Delhi: Oxford University Press, 2007.〕
The financial mismanagement of Gibbes’ father-in-law, a compulsive gambler,〔From Gibbes’ petitions to the Royal Literary Fund (see above).〕 was the eventual cause of her extreme poverty; parental neglect and a strong aversion to gambling are manifest in many of Gibbes' novels.
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